There are many hypothesis which are not ruled out by evidence and argument but they still satisfy the condition that greater goods will follow from a belief in the hypothesis were it true.
An objection to James is that his proposal seems to allow for superstitious beliefs to be counted as intellectually respectable. We are at risk of abandoning all evidential claims because they are not desirable, we could end up desiring something that is false. What happens when You have evidence that you should believe proposition S but it is not pragmatically desirable to believe S. Evidentialism is the view that you should only accept beliefs when sufficient evidence is available, it is a requirement of ethics and reason. This is the position often referred to as evidentialism. Clifford argues that it is wrong, always, everywhere, and for anyone to believe anything upon insufficient evidence. The shipman forms the belief that the ship is seaworthy by setting aside his doubts about the safety of the ship.Clifford thinks that even if the ship had not sunk he would still be culpable because the question of right and wrong has to do with the origin of his belief. Clifford thinks that we have certain epistemic responsibilities. Clifford argues that he is to blame for the deaths of the men since he had no reason to believe that his ship was safe.
He convinced himself that his ship would be fine, so he dismissed his doubts.
He tells a story of a Ship owner, a ship owner is about to send his ship to sea, there were doubts about whether or not the ship was sea worthy. Clifford argues that to have reasonable belief you need support from evidence in order to justify your belief.
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